/*
 * Copyright (c) 2016 Vivid Solutions.
 *
 * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
 * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0
 * and Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 which accompanies this distribution.
 * The Eclipse Public License is available at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v20.html
 * and the Eclipse Distribution License is available at
 *
 * http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php.
 */
package org.locationtech.jts.algorithm;

import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Coordinate;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Geometry;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryFactory;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.LineSegment;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.LineString;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.LinearRing;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Point;
import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Polygon;

/**
 * Computes the minimum diameter of a {@link Geometry}.
 * The minimum diameter is defined to be the
 * width of the smallest band that contains the geometry,
 * where a band is a strip of the plane defined by two parallel lines.
 * This can be thought of as the smallest hole that the geometry can be
 * moved through, with a single rotation.
 * <p>
 * The first step in the algorithm is computing the convex hull of the Geometry.
 * If the input Geometry is known to be convex, a hint can be supplied to
 * avoid this computation.
 * <p>
 * This class can also be used to compute:
 * <ul>
 * <li>a line segment representing the minimum diameter
 * <li>the <b>supporting line segment</b> of the minimum diameter
 * <li>the <b>minimum-width rectangle</b> of the input geometry.
 * The rectangle has width equal to the minimum diameter, and has one side
 * parallel to the supporting segment.
 * In degenerate cases the rectangle may be a LineString or a Point.
 * (Note that this may not be the enclosing rectangle with minimum area; 
 * use {@link MinimumAreaRectangle} to compute this.)
 * </ul>
 * 
 *
 * @see ConvexHull
 * @see MinimumAreaRectangle
 *
 * @version 1.7
 */
public class MinimumDiameter
{
  /**
   * Gets the minimum-width rectangular {@link Polygon} which encloses the input geometry
   * and is based along the supporting segment.
   * The rectangle has width equal to the minimum diameter, 
   * and a longer length.
   * If the convex hull of the input is degenerate (a line or point)
   * a {@link LineString} or {@link Point} is returned.
   * <p>
   * This is not necessarily the rectangle with minimum area.
   * Use {@link MinimumAreaRectangle} to compute this.
   * 
   * @param geom the geometry
   * @return the minimum-width rectangle enclosing the geometry
   * 
   * @see MinimumAreaRectangle
   */
  public static Geometry getMinimumRectangle(Geometry geom) {
    return (new MinimumDiameter(geom)).getMinimumRectangle();
  }
  
  /**
   * Gets the length of the minimum diameter enclosing a geometry
   * @param geom the geometry
   * @return the length of the minimum diameter of the geometry
   */
  public static Geometry getMinimumDiameter(Geometry geom) {
    return (new MinimumDiameter(geom)).getDiameter();
  }
  
  private final Geometry inputGeom;
  private final boolean isConvex;

  private Coordinate[] convexHullPts = null;
  private LineSegment minBaseSeg = new LineSegment();
  private Coordinate minWidthPt = null;
  private int minPtIndex;
  private double minWidth = 0.0;

  /**
   * Compute a minimum diameter for a given {@link Geometry}.
   *
   * @param inputGeom a Geometry
   */
  public MinimumDiameter(Geometry inputGeom)
  {
    this(inputGeom, false);
  }

  /**
   * Compute a minimum diameter for a giver {@link Geometry},
   * with a hint if
   * the Geometry is convex
   * (e.g. a convex Polygon or LinearRing,
   * or a two-point LineString, or a Point).
   *
   * @param inputGeom a Geometry which is convex
   * @param isConvex <code>true</code> if the input geometry is convex
   */
  public MinimumDiameter(Geometry inputGeom, boolean isConvex)
  {
    this.inputGeom = inputGeom;
    this.isConvex = isConvex;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the length of the minimum diameter of the input Geometry
   *
   * @return the length of the minimum diameter
   */
  public double getLength()
  {
    computeMinimumDiameter();
    return minWidth;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the {@link Coordinate} forming one end of the minimum diameter
   *
   * @return a coordinate forming one end of the minimum diameter
   */
  public Coordinate getWidthCoordinate()
  {
    computeMinimumDiameter();
    return minWidthPt;
  }

  /**
   * Gets the segment forming the base of the minimum diameter
   *
   * @return the segment forming the base of the minimum diameter
   */
  public LineString getSupportingSegment()
  {
    computeMinimumDiameter();
    return inputGeom.getFactory().createLineString(new Coordinate[] { minBaseSeg.p0, minBaseSeg.p1 } );
  }

  /**
   * Gets a {@link LineString} which is a minimum diameter
   *
   * @return a {@link LineString} which is a minimum diameter
   */
  public LineString getDiameter()
  {
    computeMinimumDiameter();

    // return empty linestring if no minimum width calculated
    if (minWidthPt == null)
      return inputGeom.getFactory().createLineString();

    Coordinate basePt = minBaseSeg.project(minWidthPt);
    return inputGeom.getFactory().createLineString(new Coordinate[] { basePt, minWidthPt } );
  }

  private void computeMinimumDiameter()
  {
    // check if computation is cached
    if (minWidthPt != null)
      return;

    if (isConvex)
      computeWidthConvex(inputGeom);
    else {
      Geometry convexGeom = (new ConvexHull(inputGeom)).getConvexHull();
      computeWidthConvex(convexGeom);
    }
  }

  private void computeWidthConvex(Geometry convexGeom)
  {
//System.out.println("Input = " + geom);
    if (convexGeom instanceof Polygon)
      convexHullPts = ((Polygon) convexGeom).getExteriorRing().getCoordinates();
    else
      convexHullPts = convexGeom.getCoordinates();

    // special cases for lines or points or degenerate rings
    if (convexHullPts.length == 0) {
      minWidth = 0.0;
      minWidthPt = null;
      minBaseSeg = null;
    }
    else if (convexHullPts.length == 1) {
      minWidth = 0.0;
      minWidthPt = convexHullPts[0];
      minBaseSeg.p0 = convexHullPts[0];
      minBaseSeg.p1 = convexHullPts[0];
    }
    else if (convexHullPts.length == 2 || convexHullPts.length == 3) {
      minWidth = 0.0;
      minWidthPt = convexHullPts[0];
      minBaseSeg.p0 = convexHullPts[0];
      minBaseSeg.p1 = convexHullPts[1];
    }
    else
      computeConvexRingMinDiameter(convexHullPts);
  }

  /**
   * Compute the width information for a ring of {@link Coordinate}s.
   * Leaves the width information in the instance variables.
   *
   * @param pts
   */
  private void computeConvexRingMinDiameter(Coordinate[] pts)
  {
    // for each segment in the ring
    minWidth = Double.MAX_VALUE;
    int currMaxIndex = 1;

    LineSegment seg = new LineSegment();
    // for each segment, find a vertex at max distance, and pick the minimum
    for (int i = 0; i < pts.length - 1; i++) {
      seg.p0 = pts[i];
      seg.p1 = pts[i + 1];
      currMaxIndex = findMaxPerpDistance(pts, seg, currMaxIndex);
    }
  }

  private int findMaxPerpDistance(Coordinate[] pts, LineSegment seg, int startIndex)
  {
    double maxPerpDistance = seg.distancePerpendicular(pts[startIndex]);
    double nextPerpDistance = maxPerpDistance;
    int maxIndex = startIndex;
    int nextIndex = maxIndex;
    while (nextPerpDistance >= maxPerpDistance) {
      maxPerpDistance = nextPerpDistance;
      maxIndex = nextIndex;

      nextIndex = nextIndex(pts, maxIndex);
      if (nextIndex == startIndex)
        break;
      nextPerpDistance = seg.distancePerpendicular(pts[nextIndex]);
    }
    // found maximum width for this segment - update global min dist if appropriate
    if (maxPerpDistance < minWidth) {
      minPtIndex = maxIndex;
      minWidth = maxPerpDistance;
      minWidthPt = pts[minPtIndex];
      minBaseSeg = new LineSegment(seg);
//      System.out.println(minBaseSeg);
//      System.out.println(minWidth);
    }
    return maxIndex;
  }

  private static int nextIndex(Coordinate[] pts, int index)
  {
    index++;
    if (index >= pts.length) index = 0;
    return index;
  }
  
  /**
   * Gets the rectangular {@link Polygon} which encloses the input geometry
   * and is based on the minimum diameter supporting segment.
   * The rectangle has width equal to the minimum diameter, 
   * and a longer length.
   * If the convex hull of the input is degenerate (a line or point)
   * a {@link LineString} or {@link Point} is returned.
   * <p>
   * This is not necessarily the enclosing rectangle with minimum area.
   * 
   * @return a rectangle enclosing the input (or a line or point if degenerate)
   * 
   * @see MinimumAreaRectangle
   */
  public Geometry getMinimumRectangle()
  {
    computeMinimumDiameter();
  
    // check if minimum rectangle is degenerate (a point or line segment)
    if (minWidth == 0.0) {
      //-- Min rectangle is a point
      if (minBaseSeg.p0.equals2D(minBaseSeg.p1)) {
        return inputGeom.getFactory().createPoint(minBaseSeg.p0.copy());
      }
      //-- Min rectangle is a line. Use the diagonal of the extent
      return computeMaximumLine(convexHullPts, inputGeom.getFactory());
    }
    
    // deltas for the base segment of the minimum diameter
    double dx = minBaseSeg.p1.x - minBaseSeg.p0.x;
    double dy = minBaseSeg.p1.y - minBaseSeg.p0.y;
    
    double minPara = Double.MAX_VALUE;
    double maxPara = -Double.MAX_VALUE;
    double minPerp = Double.MAX_VALUE;
    double maxPerp = -Double.MAX_VALUE;
    
    // compute maxima and minima of lines parallel and perpendicular to base segment
    for (int i = 0; i < convexHullPts.length; i++) {
      
      double paraC = computeC(dx, dy, convexHullPts[i]);
      if (paraC > maxPara) maxPara = paraC;
      if (paraC < minPara) minPara = paraC;
      
      double perpC = computeC(-dy, dx, convexHullPts[i]);
      if (perpC > maxPerp) maxPerp = perpC;
      if (perpC < minPerp) minPerp = perpC;
    }
    
    // compute lines along edges of minimum rectangle
    LineSegment maxPerpLine = computeSegmentForLine(-dx, -dy, maxPerp);
    LineSegment minPerpLine = computeSegmentForLine(-dx, -dy, minPerp);
    LineSegment maxParaLine = computeSegmentForLine(-dy, dx, maxPara);
    LineSegment minParaLine = computeSegmentForLine(-dy, dx, minPara);
    
    // compute vertices of rectangle (where the para/perp max & min lines intersect)
    Coordinate p0 = maxParaLine.lineIntersection(maxPerpLine);
    Coordinate p1 = minParaLine.lineIntersection(maxPerpLine);
    Coordinate p2 = minParaLine.lineIntersection(minPerpLine);
    Coordinate p3 = maxParaLine.lineIntersection(minPerpLine);
    
    LinearRing shell = inputGeom.getFactory().createLinearRing(
        new Coordinate[] { p0, p1, p2, p3, p0 });
    return inputGeom.getFactory().createPolygon(shell);

  }
  
  /**
   * Creates a line of maximum extent from the provided vertices
   * @param pts the vertices
   * @param factory the geometry factory
   * @return the line of maximum extent
   */
  private static LineString computeMaximumLine(Coordinate[] pts, GeometryFactory factory) {
    //-- find max and min pts for X and Y
    Coordinate ptMinX = null;
    Coordinate ptMaxX = null;
    Coordinate ptMinY = null;
    Coordinate ptMaxY = null;
    for (Coordinate p : pts) {
      if (ptMinX == null || p.getX() < ptMinX.getX()) ptMinX = p;
      if (ptMaxX == null || p.getX() > ptMaxX.getX()) ptMaxX = p;
      if (ptMinY == null || p.getY() < ptMinY.getY()) ptMinY = p;
      if (ptMaxY == null || p.getY() > ptMaxY.getY()) ptMaxY = p;
    }
    Coordinate p0 = ptMinX;
    Coordinate p1 = ptMaxX;
    //-- line is vertical - use Y pts
    if (p0.getX() == p1.getX()) {
      p0 = ptMinY;
      p1 = ptMaxY;
    }
    return factory.createLineString(new Coordinate[] { p0.copy(), p1.copy() });
  }

  private static double computeC(double a, double b, Coordinate p)
  {
    return a * p.y - b * p.x;
  }
  
  private static LineSegment computeSegmentForLine(double a, double b, double c)
  {
    Coordinate p0;
    Coordinate p1;
    /*
    * Line eqn is ax + by = c
    * Slope is a/b.
    * If slope is steep, use y values as the inputs
    */
    if (Math.abs(b) > Math.abs(a)) {
      p0 = new Coordinate(0.0, c/b);
      p1 = new Coordinate(1.0, c/b - a/b);
    }
    else {
      p0 = new Coordinate(c/a, 0.0);
      p1 = new Coordinate(c/a - b/a, 1.0);
    }
    return new LineSegment(p0, p1);
  }
}
