*vim_diff.txt*    Nvim


                            NVIM REFERENCE MANUAL


Differences between Nvim and Vim                               *vim-differences*

Nvim differs from Vim in many ways, although editor and Vimscript (not
Vim9script) features are mostly identical.  This document is a complete and
centralized reference of the differences.

                                      Type |gO| to see the table of contents.

==============================================================================
Configuration                                               *nvim-config*

User configuration and data files are found in standard |base-directories|
(see also |$NVIM_APPNAME|).  Note in particular:

- Use `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/nvim/init.vim` instead of `.vimrc` for your |config|.
- Use `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/nvim` instead of `.vim` to store configuration files.
- Use `$XDG_STATE_HOME/nvim/shada/main.shada` instead of `.viminfo` for persistent
  session information.  |shada|

==============================================================================
Defaults                                            *defaults* *nvim-defaults*

- Filetype detection is enabled by default. This can be disabled by adding
  ":filetype off" to |init.vim|.
- Syntax highlighting is enabled by default. This can be disabled by adding
  ":syntax off" to |init.vim|.
- Default color scheme has been updated. This can result in color schemes
  looking differently due to them relying on how highlight groups are defined
  by default. Add ":colorscheme vim" to |init.vim| or
  ":source $VIMRUNTIME/colors/vim.lua" to your color scheme file to restore
  the old default links and colors. See |:highlight| for a list of highlight
  groups colorschemes should set.

- 'autoindent' is enabled
- 'autoread' is enabled (works in all UIs, including terminal)
- 'background' defaults to "dark" (unless set automatically by the terminal/UI)
- 'backupdir' defaults to .,~/.local/state/nvim/backup// (|xdg|), auto-created
- 'belloff' defaults to "all"
- 'comments' includes "fb:•"
- 'commentstring' defaults to ""
- 'compatible' is always disabled
- 'complete' excludes "i"
- 'completeopt' defaults to "menu,popup"
- 'define' defaults to "". The C ftplugin sets it to "^\\s*#\\s*define"
- 'diffopt' includes "linematch:40"
- 'directory' defaults to ~/.local/state/nvim/swap// (|xdg|), auto-created
- 'display' defaults to "lastline"
- 'encoding' is UTF-8 (cf. 'fileencoding' for file-content encoding)
- 'fillchars' defaults (in effect) to "vert:│,fold:·,foldsep:│"
- 'formatoptions' defaults to "tcqj"
- 'grepprg' uses the -H and -I flags for regular grep,
  and defaults to using ripgrep if available
- 'hidden' is enabled
- 'history' defaults to 10000 (the maximum)
- 'hlsearch' is enabled
- 'include' defaults to "". The C ftplugin sets it to "^\\s*#\\s*include"
- 'incsearch' is enabled
- 'isfname' does not include ":" (on Windows). Drive letters are handled
  correctly without it. (Use |gF| for filepaths suffixed with ":line:col").
- 'joinspaces' is disabled
- 'jumpoptions' defaults to "clean"
- 'langnoremap' is enabled
- 'langremap' is disabled
- 'laststatus' defaults to 2 (statusline is always shown)
- 'listchars' defaults to "tab:> ,trail:-,nbsp:+"
- 'maxsearchcount' defaults to 999
- 'mouse' defaults to "nvi", see |default-mouse| for details
- 'mousemodel' defaults to "popup_setpos"
- 'nrformats' defaults to "bin,hex"
- 'path' defaults to ".,,". The C ftplugin adds "/usr/include" if it exists.
- 'sessionoptions' includes "unix,slash", excludes "options"
- 'shelltemp' is disabled
- 'shortmess' includes "CF", excludes "S"
- 'sidescroll' defaults to 1
- 'smarttab' is enabled
- 'spellfile' defaults to `stdpath("data").."/site/spell/"`
- 'startofline' is disabled
- 'switchbuf' defaults to "uselast"
- 'tabpagemax' defaults to 50
- 'tags' defaults to "./tags;,tags"
- 'termguicolors' is enabled by default if Nvim can detect support from the
  host terminal
- 'ttimeout' is enabled
- 'ttimeoutlen' defaults to 50
- 'ttyfast' is always set
- 'undodir' defaults to ~/.local/state/nvim/undo// (|xdg|), auto-created
- 'viewoptions' includes "unix,slash", excludes "options"
- 'viminfo' includes "!"
- 'wildoptions' defaults to "pum,tagfile"

- |editorconfig| plugin is enabled, .editorconfig settings are applied.
- |man.lua| plugin is enabled, so |:Man| is available by default.
- |matchit| plugin is enabled. To disable it in your config: >vim
    :let loaded_matchit = 1
- |package-spellfile| plugin is enabled, spellfiles are installed by default
  if missing.

- |g:vimsyn_embed| defaults to "l" to enable Lua highlighting

DEFAULT MOUSE
                                                *default-mouse* *disable-mouse*
By default the mouse is enabled. This means |scroll-mouse-wheel| will scroll
the window instead of moving the cursor; <LeftMouse> click places the cursor;
and <RightMouse> click opens the default |popup-menu| with standard actions.

Mouse is NOT enabled in |Cmdline-mode| or the |more-prompt|, so you can
temporarily disable it just by typing ":". Or if you want to partially or
fully disable the mouse or popup-menu, do any of the following:

- Disable mouse completely by unsetting the 'mouse' option: >vim
  set mouse=
- Change the 'mousemodel', so <RightMouse> extends selection instead of
  showing the popup-menu: >vim
  set mousemodel=extend
- Map <A-LeftMouse> so that it temporarily disables mouse until the cursor
  moves:  >vim
  nnoremap <A-LeftMouse> <Cmd>
    \ set mouse=<Bar>
    \ echo 'mouse OFF until next cursor-move'<Bar>
    \ autocmd CursorMoved * ++once set mouse&<Bar>
    \ echo 'mouse ON'<CR>
<
To remove the default popup-menu without disabling mouse: >vim
  aunmenu PopUp
  autocmd! nvim.popupmenu

To remove only the "How-to disable mouse" menu item (and its separator): >vim
  aunmenu PopUp.How-to\ disable\ mouse
  aunmenu PopUp.-2-

DEFAULT MAPPINGS
                                                        *default-mappings*
Nvim creates the following default mappings at |startup|. You can disable any
of these in your config by simply removing the mapping, e.g. ":unmap Y". If
you never want any default mappings, call |:mapclear| early in your config.

- Y |Y-default|
- <C-U> |i_CTRL-U-default|
- <C-W> |i_CTRL-W-default|
- <C-L> |CTRL-L-default|
- & |&-default|
- Q |v_Q-default|
- @ |v_@-default|
- # |v_#-default|
- * |v_star-default|
- gc |gc-default| |v_gc-default| |o_gc-default|
- gcc |gcc-default|
- |gO|
- ]d |]d-default|
- [d |[d-default|
- [D |[D-default|
- ]D |]D-default|
- <C-W>d |CTRL-W_d-default|
- |[q| |]q| |[Q| |]Q| |[_CTRL-Q| |]_CTRL-Q|
- |[l| |]l| |[L| |]L| |[_CTRL-L| |]_CTRL-L|
- |[t| |]t| |[T| |]T| |[_CTRL-T| |]_CTRL-T|
- |[a| |]a| |[A| |]A|
- |[b| |]b| |[B| |]B|
- |[<Space>| |]<Space>|
- LSP defaults |lsp-defaults|
  - K |K-lsp-default|
  - gr prefix |gr-default|
    - |gra| |gri| |grn| |grr| |grt|
  - <C-S> |i_CTRL-S|
- Treesitter defaults |treesitter-defaults|
  - |v_an| |v_in|
  - |v_]n| |v_[n|

DEFAULT AUTOCOMMANDS
                                                        *default-autocmds*
Default autocommands exist in the following groups. Use ":autocmd! {group}" to
remove them and ":autocmd {group}" to see how they're defined.

nvim.terminal:
- BufReadCmd: Treats "term://" buffers as |terminal| buffers. |terminal-start|
- TermClose: A |terminal| buffer started with no arguments (which thus uses
  'shell') and which exits with no error is closed automatically.
- TermClose: Displays the "[Process exited]" virtual text.
- TermRequest: The terminal emulator responds to OSC background and foreground
  requests, indicating (1) a black background and white foreground when Nvim
  option 'background' is "dark" or (2) a white background and black foreground
  when 'background' is "light". While this may not reflect the actual
  foreground/background color, it permits 'background' to be retained for a
  nested Nvim instance running in the terminal emulator.
- TermRequest: Nvim will create extmarks for shells which
  annotate their prompts with OSC 133 escape sequences, enabling users to
  quickly navigate between prompts using |[[| and |]]|.
- TermOpen: Sets default options and mappings for |terminal| buffers:
    - 'nomodifiable'
    - 'undolevels' set to -1
    - 'textwidth' set to 0
    - 'nowrap'
    - 'nolist'
    - 'nonumber'
    - 'norelativenumber'
    - 'signcolumn' set to "no"
    - 'foldcolumn' set to "0"
    - 'winhighlight' uses |hl-StatusLineTerm| and |hl-StatusLineTermNC| in
      place of |hl-StatusLine| and |hl-StatusLineNC|
    - |[[| and |]]| to navigate between shell prompts

nvim.cmdwin:
- |CmdwinEnter|: Limits syntax sync to maxlines=1 in the |cmdwin|.

nvim.swapfile:
- |SwapExists|: Skips the swapfile prompt (sets |v:swapchoice| to "e") when the
  swapfile is owned by a running Nvim process. Shows |W325| "Ignoring
  swapfile…" message.

nvim.exrc:
- |VimEnter|: Extend 'exrc' to also search for project-local configuration files
  in all parent directories.

nvim.progress:
- |Progress|: Display native progress bars in the TUI using the OSC 9;4 escape
  sequence.

==============================================================================
New Features                                                   *nvim-features*

MAJOR COMPONENTS

- API                             |API|
- Job control                     |job-control|
- LSP framework                   |lsp|
- Lua scripting                   |lua|
- Parsing engine                  |treesitter|
- Plugin manager                  |vim.pack|
- Providers
  - Clipboard                     |provider-clipboard|
  - Node.js plugins               |provider-nodejs|
  - Python plugins                |provider-python|
  - Ruby plugins                  |provider-ruby|
- Remote plugins                  |remote-plugin|
- Shared data                     |shada|
- Terminal emulator               |terminal|
- UI                              |ui| |--listen| |--server|
- Vimscript parser                |nvim_parse_expression()|
- XDG base directories            |xdg|

USER EXPERIENCE

Working intuitively and consistently is a major goal of Nvim.

                                                        *feature-compile*
- Nvim always includes ALL features, in contrast to Vim (which ships various
  combinations of 100+ optional features).  |feature-compile| Think of it as
  a leaner version of Vim's "HUGE" build. This reduces surface area for bugs,
  and removes a common source of confusion and friction for users.

- Nvim avoids features that cannot be provided on all platforms; instead that
  is delegated to external plugins/extensions. E.g. the `-X` platform-specific
  option is "sometimes" available in Vim (with potential surprises:
  https://stackoverflow.com/q/14635295).

- Vim's internal test functions (test_autochdir(), test_settime(), etc.) are
  not exposed (nor implemented); instead Nvim has a robust API.

- Behaviors, options, documentation are removed if they cost users more time
  than they save.

Usability details have been improved where the benefit outweighs any
backwards-compatibility cost. Some examples:

- Directories for 'directory' and 'undodir' are auto-created.
- Terminal features such as 'guicursor' are enabled where possible.
- Various "nvim" |cli-arguments| were redesigned.

Some features are built in that otherwise required external plugins:

- Highlighting the yanked region, see |vim.hl|.

ARCHITECTURE

The Nvim UI is "decoupled" from the core editor: all UIs, including the
builtin |TUI| are just plugins that connect to a Nvim server (via |--server|
or |--embed|). Multiple Nvim UI clients can connect to the same Nvim editor
server.

External plugins run in separate processes. |remote-plugin| This improves
stability and allows those plugins to work without blocking the editor. Even
"legacy" Python and Ruby plugins which use the old Vim interfaces (|if_pyth|,
|if_ruby|) run out-of-process, so they cannot crash Nvim.

Platform and I/O facilities are built upon libuv. Nvim benefits from libuv
features and bug fixes, and other projects benefit from improvements to libuv
by Nvim developers.

FEATURES

Command-line:
- The expression prompt (|@=|, |c_CTRL-R_=|, |i_CTRL-R_=|) is highlighted
  using a built-in Vimscript expression parser. |expr-highlight|
- *E5408* *E5409* |input()|, |inputdialog()| support custom highlighting.
  |input()-highlight|
- (Experimental) *g:Nvim_color_cmdline* Command-line (|:|) is colored by
  callback defined in `g:Nvim_color_cmdline` (this callback is for testing
  only, and will be removed in the future).

Commands:
- |:checkhealth|
- |:connect|
- |:detach|
- |:drop| is always available
- |:EditQuery|
- |:Inspect|
- |:InspectTree|
- |:lsp|
- |:Man| is available by default, with many improvements such as completion
- |:match| can be invoked before highlight group is defined
- |:restart|
- |:source| works with Lua
- |:trust|
- User commands can support |:command-preview| to show results as you type
- |:write| with "++p" flag creates parent directories.
- |:update| command writes new file buffers even when unmodified.

Editor:
- |prompt-buffer| supports multiline input/paste, undo/redo, and o/O normal
  commands.
- |i_CTRL-R| inserts named/clipboard registers (A-Z,a-z,0-9+) literally, like
  pasting instead of like user input. Improves performance, avoids broken
  formatting. To get the old behavior you can use `<C-R>=@x`.

Events (autocommands):
- Fixed inconsistent behavior in execution of nested autocommands #23368
- |BufModifiedSet|
- |Progress|
- |RecordingEnter|
- |RecordingLeave|
- |SearchWrapped|
- |Signal|
- |TabNewEntered|
- |TermClose|
- |TermOpen|
- |TermRequest|
- |TermResponse| is fired for DCS, OSC, and APC sequences received from the terminal,
  in addition to the Primary Device Attributes response. |v:termresponse|
- |UIEnter|
- |UILeave|

Functions:
- |dictwatcheradd()| notifies a callback whenever a |Dict| is modified
- |dictwatcherdel()|
- |menu_get()|
- |msgpackdump()|, |msgpackparse()| provide msgpack de/serialization
- |stdpath()|
- |system()|, |systemlist()| can run {cmd} directly (without 'shell')
- |matchadd()| can be called before highlight group is defined
- |tempname()| tries to recover if the Nvim |tempdir| disappears.
- |writefile()| with "p" flag creates parent directories.
- |prompt_getinput()|
- |prompt_appendbuf()|

Highlight groups:
- |highlight-blend| controls blend level for a highlight group
- |expr-highlight| highlight groups (prefixed with "Nvim")
- |hl-NormalFloat| highlights floating window
- |hl-FloatBorder| highlights border of a floating window
- |hl-FloatTitle| highlights title of a floating window
- |hl-FloatFooter| highlights footer of a floating window
- |hl-NormalNC| highlights non-current windows
- |hl-MsgArea| highlights messages/cmdline area
- |hl-MsgSeparator| highlights separator for scrolled messages
- |hl-OkMsg|
- |hl-StderrMsg|
- |hl-StdoutMsg|
- |hl-Substitute|
- |hl-TermCursor|
- |hl-WinSeparator| highlights window separators
- |hl-Whitespace| highlights 'listchars' whitespace
- |hl-WinBar| highlights 'winbar'
- |hl-WinBarNC| highlights non-current window 'winbar'

Input/Mappings:
- ALT (|META|) chords always work (even in the |TUI|). Map |<M-| with any key:
  <M-1>, <M-BS>, <M-Del>, <M-Ins>, <M-/>, <M-\>, <M-Space>, <M-Enter>, etc.
  - Case-sensitive: <M-a> and <M-A> are two different keycodes.
- ALT may behave like <Esc> if not mapped. |i_ALT| |v_ALT| |c_ALT|

Normal commands:
- |gO| shows a filetype-defined "outline" of the current buffer.
- |Q| replays the last recorded macro instead of switching to Ex mode (|gQ|).

Options:

- `:set {option}<` removes local value for all |global-local| options.
- `:setlocal {option}<` copies global value to local value for all options.
- 'ambiwidth'   cannot be set to empty.
- 'autoread'    works in the terminal (if it supports "focus" events)
- 'background'  cannot be set to empty.
- 'cpoptions'   flags: |cpo-_|
- 'eadirection' cannot be set to empty.
- 'exrc'        searches for ".nvim.lua", ".nvimrc", or ".exrc" files. The
                user is prompted whether to trust the file.
- 'fileformat'  cannot be set to empty.
- 'fillchars'   flags: "msgsep", "horiz", "horizup", "horizdown",
                "vertleft", "vertright", "verthoriz"
- 'foldcolumn'  supports up to 9 dynamic/fixed columns
- 'guicursor'   works in the terminal (TUI)
- 'inccommand'  shows interactive results for |:substitute|-like commands
                and |:command-preview| commands
- 'jumpoptions'
    - "view" tries to restore |mark-view| when moving through the jumplist.
    - "clean" removes unloaded buffers from the jumplist.
- the |jumplist|, |changelist|, |alternate-file| or using |mark-motions|.
- 'laststatus'  global statusline support
- 'mousemodel'  cannot be set to empty.
- 'mousescroll' amount to scroll by when scrolling with a mouse
- 'pumblend'    pseudo-transparent popupmenu
- 'scrollback'
- 'shortmess'
    - "F" flag does not affect output from autocommands.
    - "q" flag fully hides macro recording message.
- 'showcmdloc'  cannot be set to empty.
- 'signcolumn'  can show multiple signs (dynamic or fixed columns)
- 'statuscolumn' full control of columns using 'statusline' format
- 'statusline' default is exposed as a statusline expression.
- 'splitkeep'   cannot be set to empty.
- 'tabline'     middle-click on tabpage label closes tabpage,
                and %@Func@foo%X can call any function on mouse-click
- 'termpastefilter'
- 'ttimeout', 'ttimeoutlen' behavior was simplified
- 'winblend'    pseudo-transparency in floating windows |api-floatwin|
- 'winhighlight' window-local highlights
- 'busy' busy status for buffers
- 'messagesopt' added progress:c to control if progress messages are shown in
  cmdline

Performance:
- Signs are implemented using Nvim's internal "marktree" (btree) structure.
- Folds are not updated during insert-mode.

Providers:
- If a Python interpreter is available on your `$PATH`, |:python| and
  |:python3| are always available. See |provider-python|.

Shell:
- Shell output (|:!|, |:make|, …) is always routed through the UI, so it
  cannot "mess up" the screen. (You can still use "chansend(v:stderr,…)" if
  you want to mess up the screen :)
- Nvim throttles (skips) messages from shell commands (|:!|, |:grep|, |:make|)
  if there is too much output. No data is lost, this only affects display and
  improves performance. |:terminal| output is never throttled.
- |:!| does not support "interactive" commands. Use |:terminal| instead.
  (GUI Vim has a similar limitation, see ":help gui-pty" in Vim.)
- :!start is not special-cased on Windows.
- |system()| does not support writing/reading "backgrounded" commands. |E5677|

Signs:
- 'signcolumn' can show multiple signs.
- Signs are removed if the associated line is deleted.
- Signs placed twice with the same identifier in the same group are moved.

Startup:
- |-e| and |-es| invoke the same "improved Ex mode" as -E and -Es.
- |-E| and |-Es| read stdin as text (into buffer 1).
- |-es| and |-Es| have improved behavior:
    - Quits automatically, don't need "-c qa!".
    - Skips swap-file dialog.
    - Optimized for non-interactive scripts: disables swapfile, shada.
- |-l| Executes Lua scripts non-interactively.
- |-s| reads Normal commands from stdin if the script name is "-".
- Reading text (instead of commands) from stdin |--|:
    - works by default: "-" file is optional
    - works in more cases: |-Es|, file args

TUI:
                        *:set-termcap*
- Start Nvim with 'verbose' level 3 to show terminal capabilities: >
        nvim -V3
<
                        *'term'* *E529* *E530* *E531*
- 'term' reflects the terminal type derived from |$TERM| and other environment
  checks.  Use `:echo &term` to get its value. For debugging only; not
  reliable during startup.
  - Note: If you want to detect when Nvim is running in a terminal, use
    `has('gui_running')` |has()| or see |nvim_list_uis()| for an example of
    how to inspect the UI channel.
- Nvim might optionally be compiled with unibilium, in which case the terminfo
  database will be used. Otherwise, or if the terminal was not found in
  the database, a table of builtin terminal definitions will be used.
- Nvim will use 256-colour capability on Linux virtual terminals.  Vim uses
  only 8 colours plus bright foreground on Linux VTs.
- Vim combines what is in its |builtin-terms| with what it reads from terminfo,
  and has a 'ttybuiltin' setting to control how that combination works.  Nvim
  uses one or the other, it does not attempt to merge the two.

UI/Display:
- |Visual| selection highlights the character at cursor. |visual-use|
- messages: When showing messages longer than 'cmdheight', only
  scroll the message lines, not the entire screen. The
  separator line is decorated by |hl-MsgSeparator| and
  the "msgsep" flag of 'fillchars'. *msgsep*

Variables:
- |v:progpath| is always absolute ("full")
- |v:windowid| is always available (for use by external UIs)
- |OptionSet| autocommand args |v:option_new|, |v:option_old|,
- |v:option_oldlocal|, |v:option_oldglobal| have the type of the option
  instead of always being strings. |v:option_old| is now the old global value
  for all global-local options, instead of just string global-local options.

Vimscript:
- |:redir| nested in |execute()| works.

==============================================================================
Upstreamed features                                      *nvim-upstreamed*

These Nvim features were later integrated into Vim.

- 'diffopt' "linematch" feature
- 'fillchars' flags: "eob"
- 'jumpoptions' "stack" behavior
- 'wildoptions' flags: "pum" enables popupmenu for wildmode completion
- |<Cmd>|
- |WinClosed|
- |WinScrolled|
- |:sign-define| "numhl" argument
- |:source| works with anonymous (no file) scripts
- 'statusline' supports unlimited alignment sections
- |vim-tutor-mode|
- Lua: `require()` also searches for modules in 'runtimepath'.
- Lua: vim.g, vim.w, vim.b, vim.t, vim.v, vim.fn, vim.call()

==============================================================================
Other changes                                            *nvim-changed*

This section documents various low-level behavior changes.

|mkdir()| behaviour changed:
- 1. Assuming /tmp/foo does not exist and /tmp can be written to
     mkdir('/tmp/foo/bar', 'p', 0700) will create both /tmp/foo and
     /tmp/foo/bar with 0700 permissions. Vim mkdir will create /tmp/foo with
     0755.
- 2. If you try to create an existing directory with `'p'` (e.g. mkdir('/',
     'p')) mkdir() will silently exit. In Vim this was an error.
- 3. mkdir() error messages now include strerror() text when mkdir fails.

|string()| and |:echo| behaviour changed:
- 1. No maximum recursion depth limit is applied to nested container
     structures.
- 2. |string()| fails immediately on nested containers, not when recursion
     limit was exceeded.
- 3. When |:echo| encounters duplicate containers like >vim
       let l = []
       echo [l, l]
<     it does not use "[...]" (was: "[[], [...]]", now: "[[], []]"). "..." is
     only used for recursive containers.
- 4. |:echo| printing nested containers adds "@level" after "..." designating
     the level at which recursive container was printed: |:echo-self-refer|.
     Same thing applies to |string()| (though it uses construct like
     "{E724@level}"), but this is not reliable because |string()| continues to
     error out.
- 5. Stringifyed infinite and NaN values now use |str2float()| and can be
     evaled back.
- 6. (internal) Trying to print or stringify VAR_UNKNOWN in Vim results in
     nothing, E908, in Nvim it is internal error.

|json_decode()| behaviour changed:
- 1. It may output |msgpack-special-dict|.
- 2. |msgpack-special-dict| is emitted also in case of duplicate keys, while
     in Vim it errors out.
- 3. It accepts only valid JSON.  Trailing commas are not accepted.

|json_encode()| behaviour slightly changed: now |msgpack-special-dict| values
are accepted, but |v:none| is not.

Viminfo text files were replaced with binary (messagepack) |shada| files.
Additional differences:

- |shada-c| has no effect.
- |shada-s| now limits size of every item and not just registers.
- 'viminfo' option got renamed to 'shada'. Old option is kept as an alias for
  compatibility reasons.
- |:wviminfo| was renamed to |:wshada|, |:rviminfo| to |:rshada|.  Old
  commands are still kept.
- ShaDa file format was designed with forward and backward compatibility in
  mind. |shada-compatibility|
- Some errors make ShaDa code keep temporary file in-place for user to decide
  what to do with it.  Vim deletes temporary file in these cases.
  |shada-error-handling|
- ShaDa file keeps search direction (|v:searchforward|), viminfo does not.

|printf()| returns something meaningful when used with `%p` argument: in Vim
it used to return useless address of the string (strings are copied to the
newly allocated memory all over the place) and fail on types which cannot be
coerced to strings. See |id()| for more details, currently it uses
`printf("%p", {expr})` internally.

|c_CTRL-R| pasting a non-special register into |cmdline| omits the last <CR>.

|CursorMoved| triggers when moving between windows.

Lua interface (|lua.txt|):
- `:lua print("a\0b")` will print `a^@b`, like with `:echomsg "a\nb"` . In Vim
  that prints `a` and `b` on separate lines, exactly like
  `:lua print("a\nb")` .
- `:lua error('TEST')` emits the error: >
  E5108: Lua: [string "<Vimscript compiled string>"]:1: TEST
<  whereas Vim emits only "TEST".
- Lua has direct access to Nvim |API| via `vim.api`.

Commands:
- |:doautocmd| does not warn about "No matching autocommands".
- |:wincmd| accepts a count.
- `:write!` does not show a prompt if the file was updated externally.
- |:=| does not accept |ex-flags|. With an arg it is equivalent to |:lua=|

Command-line:
- The meanings of arrow keys do not change depending on 'wildoptions'.

Functions:
- |input()| and |inputdialog()| support for each other’s features (return on
  cancel and completion respectively) via dictionary argument (replaces all
  other arguments if used), and "cancelreturn" can have any type if passed in
  a dictionary.
- |input()| and |inputdialog()| support user-defined cmdline highlighting.

Highlight groups:
- |hl-ColorColumn|, |hl-CursorColumn| are lower priority than most other
  groups
- |hl-CursorLine| is low-priority unless foreground color is set
- |hl-VertSplit| superseded by |hl-WinSeparator|
- Highlight groups names are allowed to contain `@` characters.
  - It is an error to define a highlight group with a name that doesn't match
    the regexp `[a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]*` (see |group-name|).
- |hl-StatusLineTerm| |hl-StatusLineTermNC| are implemented as 'winhighlight'
  window-local highlights which are set by the default |TermOpen| handler.
- The |ins-completion-menu| has cascading highlight styles. |hl-PmenuSel| and
  |hl-PmenuMatch| both inherit from |hl-Pmenu|, and |hl-PmenuMatchSel|
  inherits highlights from both |hl-PmenuSel| and |hl-PmenuMatch|.

Macro (|recording|) behavior:
- Replay of a macro recorded during :lmap produces the same actions as when it
  was recorded. In Vim if a macro is recorded while using :lmap'ped keys then
  the behaviour during record and replay differs.
- 'keymap' is implemented via :lmap instead of :lnoremap so that you can use
  macros and 'keymap' at the same time. This also means you can use |:imap| on
  the results of keys from 'keymap'.

Mappings:
- Creating a mapping for a simplifiable key (e.g. <C-I>) doesn't replace an
  existing mapping for its simplified form (e.g. <Tab>).
- "#" followed by a digit doesn't stand for a function key at the start of the
  lhs of a mapping.

Motion:
- The |jumplist| avoids useless/phantom jumps.

Syntax highlighting:
- syncolor.vim has been removed. Nvim now sets up default highlighting groups
  automatically for both light and dark backgrounds, regardless of whether or
  not syntax highlighting is enabled. This means that |:syntax-on| and
  |:syntax-enable| are now identical. Users who previously used an
  after/syntax/syncolor.vim file should transition that file into a
  colorscheme. |:colorscheme|

Vimscript compatibility:
- `count` does not alias to |v:count|
- `errmsg` does not alias to |v:errmsg|
- `shell_error` does not alias to |v:shell_error|
- `this_session` does not alias to |v:this_session|

Working directory (Vim implemented some of these after Nvim):
- |DirChanged| and |DirChangedPre| can be triggered when switching to another
  window or tab.
- |getcwd()| and |haslocaldir()| may throw errors if the tab page or window
  cannot be found.  *E5000* *E5001* *E5002*
- |haslocaldir()| checks for tab-local directory if and only if -1 is passed as
  window number, and its only possible returns values are 0 and 1.
- `getcwd(-1)` is equivalent to `getcwd(-1, 0)` instead of returning the global
  working directory. Use `getcwd(-1, -1)` to get the global working directory.

Options:
- 'titlestring' uses printf-style '%' items (see: 'statusline') to implement
  the default behaviour. The implementation is equivalent to setting
  'titlestring' to `%t%(\ %M%)%(\ \(%{expand(\"%:~:h\")}\)%)%a\ -\ Nvim`.

|packages|:
- "start" packages are not explicitly reported in 'runtimepath' (though they
  are still searched for runtime files). See |runtime-search-path|

==============================================================================
Missing features                                         *nvim-missing*

These legacy Vim features are not yet implemented:

- *:gui*
- *:gvim*
- *'browsedir'* *'bsdir'*
- *'completepopup'*
- *'guioptions'* *'go'*
- *'guitablabel'* *'gtl'*
- *'guitabtooltip'* *'gtt'*
- *'mouseshape'* *'mouses'*
- *'previewpopup'*

==============================================================================
Removed legacy features                                  *nvim-removed*

These Vim features were intentionally removed from Nvim.

Aliases:
- ex        (alias for "nvim -e")
- exim      (alias for "nvim -E")
- gex       (GUI)
- gview     (GUI)
- gvim      (GUI)
- gvimdiff  (GUI)
- rgview    (GUI)
- rgvim     (GUI)
- rview
- rvim
- view      (alias for "nvim -R")
- vimdiff   (alias for "nvim -d" |diff-mode|)

Commands:
- :behave
- :fixdel
- *hardcopy* `:hardcopy` was removed. Instead, use `:TOhtml` and print the
  resulting HTML using a web browser or other HTML viewer.
- :helpfind
- :mode (no longer accepts an argument)
- :open
- :Print
- :promptfind
- :promptrepl
- :scriptversion (always version 1)
- :shell
- :smile
- :tearoff
- :cstag
- :cscope
- :lcscope
- :scscope
- :Vimuntar
- `:TOhtml` was replaced by a Lua version (with various differences)

Compile-time features:
- Emacs tags support
- X11 integration (see |x11-selection|)

Editor:
- *cscope* support was removed in favour of plugin-based solutions such as:
  https://github.com/dhananjaylatkar/cscope_maps.nvim
- *popup-window* : Use |floating-windows| instead.
- *spellfile.vim* : Replaced by |package-spellfile|.
- *textprop* : Use |extmarks| instead.

Eval:
- *Vim9script* (the Vim 9+ flavor of Vimscript) is not supported.
- *cscope_connection()*
- *err_teapot()*
- *js_encode()*
- *js_decode()*
- *listener_add()* , etc: use |api-buffer-updates-lua| instead.
- *redraw_listener_add()* , etc:  use |nvim_set_decoration_provider()| instead.
- *v:none* (used by Vim to represent JavaScript "undefined"); use |v:null| instead.
- *v:sizeofint*
- *v:sizeoflong*
- *v:sizeofpointer*

Events:
- *SafeStateAgain*
- *SigUSR1* Use |Signal| to detect `SIGUSR1` signal instead.

Options:
- *'aleph'* *'al'*
- antialias
- 'backspace' no longer supports number values. Instead:
    - for `backspace=0` set `backspace=` (empty)
    - for `backspace=1` set `backspace=indent,eol`
    - for `backspace=2` set `backspace=indent,eol,start` (default behavior in Nvim)
    - for `backspace=3` set `backspace=indent,eol,nostop`
- *'balloondelay'* *'bdlay'*
- *'ballooneval'* *'beval'* *'noballooneval'* *'nobeval'*
- *'balloonexpr'* *'bexpr'*
- bioskey (MS-DOS)
- conskey (MS-DOS)
- *'cp'* *'nocompatible'* *'nocp'* *'compatible'* (Nvim is always "nocompatible".)
- 'cpoptions' (gjpkHw<*- and all POSIX flags were removed)
- *'cryptmethod'* *'cm'* *'key'* (Vim encryption implementation)
- cscopepathcomp
- cscopeprg
- cscopequickfix
- cscoperelative
- cscopetag
- cscopetagorder
- cscopeverbose
- *'ed'* *'edcompatible'* *'noed'* *'noedcompatible'*
- 'encoding' ("utf-8" is always used)
- esckeys
- 'guioptions' "t" flag was removed
- *'guifontset'* *'gfs'* (Use 'guifont' instead.)
- *'guipty'* (Nvim uses pipes and PTYs consistently on all platforms.)
- 'highlight' (Names of builtin |highlight-groups| cannot be changed.)
- *'hkmap'* *'hk'* use `set keymap=hebrew` instead.
- *'hkmapp'* *'hkp'* use `set keymap=hebrewp` instead.
- keyprotocol
- *'pastetoggle'* *'pt'* Just Paste It.™ |paste| is handled automatically when
  you paste text using your terminal's or GUI's paste feature (CTRL-SHIFT-v,
  CMD-v (macOS), middle-click, …).
- *'imactivatefunc'* *'imaf'*
- *'imactivatekey'* *'imak'*
- *'imcmdline'* *'imc'* *'noimcmdline'* *'noimc'*
- *'imdisable'* *'imd'* *'noimdisable'* *'noimd'*
- *'imstatusfunc'* *'imsf'*
- *'insertmode'* *'im'* Use the following script to emulate 'insertmode': >vim
    autocmd BufWinEnter * startinsert
    inoremap <Esc> <C-X><C-Z><C-]>
    inoremap <C-C> <C-X><C-Z>
    inoremap <C-L> <C-X><C-Z><C-]><Esc>
    inoremap <C-Z> <C-X><C-Z><Cmd>suspend<CR>
    noremap <C-C> <Esc>
    snoremap <C-C> <Esc>
    noremap <C-\><C-G> <C-\><C-N><Cmd>startinsert<CR>
    cnoremap <C-\><C-G> <C-\><C-N><Cmd>startinsert<CR>
    inoremap <C-\><C-G> <C-X><C-Z>
    autocmd CmdwinEnter * noremap <buffer> <C-C> <C-C>
    autocmd CmdwinEnter * inoremap <buffer> <C-C> <C-C>

    lua << EOF
      vim.on_key(function(c)
        if c == '\27' then
          local mode = vim.api.nvim_get_mode().mode
          if mode:find('^[nvV\22sS\19]') and vim.fn.getcmdtype() == '' then
            vim.schedule(function()
              vim.cmd('startinsert')
            end)
          end
        end
      end)
    EOF
- *'macatsui'*
- *'maxcombine'* *'mco'* : Nvim counts maximum character sizes in bytes, not
  codepoints. This is guaranteed to be big enough to always fit all chars
  properly displayed in vim with 'maxcombine' set to 6.
  - You can still edit text with larger characters than fits in the screen
    buffer, you just can't see them. Use |g8| or |ga|. See |mbyte-combining|.
  - NOTE: the rexexp engine still has a hard-coded limit of considering
    6 composing chars only.
- *'maxmem'* Nvim delegates memory-management to the OS.
- *'maxmemtot'* Nvim delegates memory-management to the OS.
- *'opendevice'* *'odev'* *'noopendevice'* *'noodev'*
- printoptions
- *'printdevice'*
- *'printencoding'*
- *'printexpr'*
- *'printfont'*
- *'printheader'*
- *'printmbcharset'*
- *'prompt'* *'noprompt'*
- *'remap'* *'noremap'*
- *'restorescreen'* *'rs'* *'norestorescreen'* *'nors'*
- *'secure'* : Everything is allowed in 'exrc' files, because they must be
  explicitly marked as "trusted".
- *'shelltype'*
- 'shortmess' flags: *shm-f* *shm-n* *shm-x* *shm-i* (behave like always on)
- *'shortname'* *'sn'* *'noshortname'* *'nosn'*
- *'swapsync'* *'sws'*
- *'termencoding'* *'tenc'* (Vim 7.4.852 also removed this for Windows)
- *'terse'* *'noterse'* (Add "s" to 'shortmess' instead)
- textauto
- textmode
- *'toolbar'* *'tb'*
- *'toolbariconsize'* *'tbis'*
- *'ttybuiltin'* *'tbi'* *'nottybuiltin'* *'notbi'*
- *'ttyfast'* *'tf'* *'nottyfast'* *'notf'*
- *'ttymouse'* *'ttym'*
- *'ttyscroll'* *'tsl'*
- *'ttytype'* *'tty'*
- weirdinvert

Plugins:
- logiPat
- rrhelper
- *vimball*
- shellmenu
- macmap.vim
- tools/check_colors.vim
- macros/{justify,matchit,swapmous}.vim: use `packadd! justify` etc.
  directly
- HelpToc: Use |gO| instead.

Providers:
- *if_lua* : Nvim |Lua| API is not compatible with Vim's "if_lua".
- *if_mzscheme*
- |if_pyth|: *python-bindeval* *python-Function* are not supported.
- *if_tcl*

Startup:
- `--literal`: File args are always literal; to expand wildcards on Windows,
  use |:n| e.g. `nvim +"n *"`
- Easy mode: eview, evim, nvim -y
- Restricted mode: rview, rvim, nvim -Z
- Vi mode: nvim -v

Test functions:
- test_alloc_fail()
- test_autochdir()
- test_feedinput()
- test_garbagecollect_soon()
- test_getvalue()
- test_ignore_error()
- test_null_blob()
- test_null_channel()
- test_null_dict()
- test_null_function()
- test_null_job()
- test_null_list()
- test_null_partial()
- test_null_string()
- test_option_not_set()
- test_override()
- test_refcount()
- test_scrollbar()
- test_setmouse()
- test_settime()
- test_srand_seed()
- test_unknown()
- test_void()

TUI:
                          *t_xx* *termcap-options* *t_AB* *t_Sb* *t_vb* *t_SI*
- Nvim does not have special `t_XX` options nor <t_XX> keycodes to configure
  terminal capabilities. Instead Nvim treats the terminal as any other UI,
  e.g. 'guicursor' sets the terminal cursor style if possible.

                          *termcap*
- Nvim never uses the termcap database, only |terminfo| and |builtin-terms|.

                          *xterm-8bit* *xterm-8-bit*
- Xterm can be run in a mode where it uses true 8-bit CSI.  Supporting this
  requires autodetection of whether the terminal is in UTF-8 mode or non-UTF-8
  mode, as the 8-bit CSI character has to be written differently in each case.
  Vim issues a "request version" sequence to the terminal at startup and looks
  at how the terminal is sending CSI.  Nvim does not issue such a sequence and
  always uses 7-bit control sequences.

 vim:tw=78:ts=8:sw=2:et:ft=help:norl:
