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<!ENTITY legal SYSTEM "legal.xml">
<!ENTITY appversion "2.18">
<!ENTITY manrevision "2.18">
<!ENTITY date "December">
<!ENTITY app "<application>Chess</application>">
<!ENTITY appname "Chess">
<!ENTITY version "2.22">
]>
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<article id="index" lang="gl">
<!-- please do not change the id; for translations, change lang to -->
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<articleinfo>
 <title>Manual de <application>Xadrez</application></title>

 <abstract role="description">
       <para lang="en">
	GNOME Chess is a game for playing the classic board game of chess,
	in which two players simulate a battle by capturing the opponents
	pieces and ultimately the king. It can be played in 2D or 3D mode,
	full screen or in a window.
       </para>
 </abstract>
 <copyright><year>2006-2008</year> <holder>Andreas Røsdal</holder></copyright>
<!-- translators: uncomment this:

  <copyright>
   <year>2002</year>
   <holder>ME-THE-TRANSLATOR (Latin translation)</holder>
  </copyright>

   -->
<!-- An address can be added to the publisher information.  If a role is
     not specified, the publisher/author is the same for all versions of the
     document.  -->
    <publisher role="maintainer">
      <publishername>Proxecto de Documentación de GNOME</publishername>
    </publisher>

   
   <!-- This file  contains link to license for the documentation (GNU FDL), and
        other legal stuff such as "NO WARRANTY" statement. Please do not change
	any of this. -->

    <authorgroup>
      <author><firstname>Andreas</firstname> <surname>Røsdal</surname> <affiliation> <address> <email>andrearo@pvv.ntnu.no</email> </address> </affiliation></author>
<!-- This is appropriate place for other contributors: translators,
      maintainers,  etc. Commented out by default.
       <othercredit role="translator">
	<firstname>Latin</firstname>
	<surname>Translator 1</surname>
	<affiliation>
	  <orgname>Latin Translation Team</orgname>
	  <address> <email>translator@gnome.org</email> </address>
	</affiliation>
	<contrib>Latin translation</contrib>
      </othercredit>
-->
    </authorgroup>

	<releaseinfo revision="2.26" role="review"/>

<revhistory>
      <revision><revnumber>Manual de Xadrez v2.18</revnumber> <date>Decembro</date> <revdescription>
	  <para role="author">Andreas Røsdal <email>andrearo@pvv.ntnu.no</email></para>
	  <para role="publisher">Proxecto de Documentación de GNOME</para>
	</revdescription></revision>
  <revision><revnumber>1</revnumber> <date>Decembro de 2006</date> <authorinitials>AR</authorinitials> <revremark> Primeiro borrador completado. </revremark></revision>
 </revhistory>

    <releaseinfo>Este manual describe a versión 2.18 de Xadrez.</releaseinfo>
    <!-- The following feedback information only applies to applications
    listed in bugzilla.gnome.org and bugzilla.ximian.com. For other
    applications, please provide your own feedback info or remove thsi
    section altogether -->
    <legalnotice>
      <title>Comentarios</title>
      <para lang="en">To report a bug or make a suggestion regarding the <application>Chess</application> application or
	this manual, follow the directions in the
	<ulink url="ghelp:user-guide?feedback-bugs" type="help">GNOME Feedback Page</ulink>.
      </para>
<!-- Translators may also add here feedback address for translations -->
    </legalnotice>


    <othercredit class="translator">
      <personname>
        <firstname>Fran Dieguez</firstname>
      </personname>
      <email>frandieguez@gnome.org</email>
    </othercredit>
    <copyright>
      
        <year>2012</year>
      
      <holder>Fran Dieguez</holder>
    </copyright>
  </articleinfo>

  <indexterm zone="index" lang="en">
    <primary>GNOME Chess</primary>
  </indexterm>

<!-- ============= Document Body ============================= -->
<!-- ============= Introduction ============================== -->
<sect1 id="intro">
 <title>Introducción</title>
 <sect2 id="what">
  <title>Vista xeral do Xadrez</title>

  <para lang="en">
	Chess is a two-player strategy board game. <application>GNOME Chess</application> is a 2D/3D chess game, where games
	can be played between a combination of human and computer players. GNOME Chess detects known third party chess engines
	for computer players. The game was originally developed by Robert Ancell, now the game is included in gnome-games.
  </para>

  <para lang="en">
	<application>GNOME Chess</application> is written in Python and uses GTK+ and Cairo to render the chess board. 3D support is
	optionally available using OpenGl,
	using the Python OpenGL and GtkGLExt libraries. As with most modern 3D programs hardware acceleration is recommended but it should
	run OK in software. GNOME Chess is bundled with GNU Chess as the default chess AI. GNOME Chess can be played in network mode against
	other players on the Internet.
  </para>
  <para lang="en">
	Chess is played on a square chessboard, consisting of 64 squares of alternating color. Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. One player controls the white pieces and the other player controls the black pieces; the player that controls white is the first to move. The players take turns moving pieces; certain moves involve a "capturing" of an opponent's piece, removing it from the chessboard. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent's king. This occurs when the king is under immediate attack (in check) and there is no way to remove it from attack on the next move. Theoreticians have developed extensive chess strategies and tactics since the game's inception.
</para>
<para lang="en">
The current form of the game emerged in South Europe in the second half of the 15th century after evolving from similar, much older games of Asian origin. Chess is one of the world's most popular board games. The tradition of competitive chess began in the 16th century. The first official World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; his modern equivalent, Vladimir Kramnik, is the 14th Champion in the lineage. There are also biennial world team events called Chess Olympiads. Since the 20th century, two international organizations, the World Chess Federation and the International Correspondence Chess Federation have organized and overseen the top chess competitions and international titles.
</para>
<para lang="en">
One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine, and today's chess is deeply influenced by the overwhelming abilities of current chess programs. In 1997, a match between Garry Kasparov, then World Champion, and IBM's Deep Blue chess program proved that computers are able to beat even the strongest human players.
</para>

  <para lang="en">
   To run <application>GNOME Chess</application>, select
   <guimenuitem>Chess</guimenuitem> from the
   <guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu> submenu of the <guimenu>Main
   Menu</guimenu>, or type <command>gnome-chess</command> on the
   command line.
  </para>
 </sect2>

</sect1>


<sect1 id="playing-gnome-chess">
 <title lang="en">Playing GNOME Chess</title>
 <sect2 id="main-game-window">
<title>Xanela principal do juego</title>

     <para lang="en">
Starting GNOME Chess displays the main game window as shown below. The game is played
by moving chess pieces using the mouse. Each player alternates to move a piece in the appropriate
colour, from one board position to another valid board position.
The main game window is organized in three main areas: In the top menu and toolbar area,
most common game actions can be made. The chess board is in the middle of the window,
where the game is played by moving chess pieces using the mouse. Finally, the game
history panel is shown at the bottom, where information about the game history, the remaining
move time and buttons for showing previous or next moves are available.
</para>

 <figure id="main-game-shot">
  <title lang="en">Main window in GNOME Chess</title>
  <screenshot>
    <mediaobject lang="en">
    <imageobject>
  <imagedata fileref="figures/game-3-12.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Andreas"/>
   </imageobject>
    <textobject>
      <phrase>Main window in GNOME Chess.</phrase>
    </textobject>
  </mediaobject>
  </screenshot>
 </figure>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>Iniciar unha partida nova</title>
<para lang="en">
To start a new game, press the <guibutton>New Game</guibutton> button on the toolbar.
</para>
</sect2>




<sect2 id="menubar">
   <title>Menús</title>
   <para lang="en">
    The menu bar, located at the top of the <interface>Main
    Window</interface>, contains the following menus:
   </para>

   <variablelist>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><guimenu>Xogo</guimenu></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>Este menú contén: <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <shortcut>
            <keysym>Ctrl+N</keysym>
           </shortcut>
           <guimenuitem>New</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
           This starts a new game of <application>Chess</application>.
         </para>
        </listitem>
	<listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <shortcut>
            <keysym>Ctrl+O</keysym>
           </shortcut>
           <guimenuitem>Open</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
           Loads a previously saved game.
         </para>
        </listitem>
	<listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <shortcut>
            <keysym>Ctrl+S</keysym>
           </shortcut>
           <guimenuitem>Save</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
           Saves the current game of chess.
         </para>
        </listitem>
	<listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <guimenuitem>Save As</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
           Saves the current game of chess with a new filename.
         </para>
        </listitem>

        <listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <shortcut>
            <keysym>Ctrl+L</keysym>
           </shortcut>
           <guimenuitem>Network Game</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
           This starts a network multiplayer game using GGZ Gaming Zone.
         </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <guimenuitem>Resign</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
           To concede loss of the game, so that the opponent wins the game.
         </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <guimenuitem>Claim Draw</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
	    If a claimed draw is accepted, the game ends without victory for either player.
          </para>
        </listitem>
        <listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <shortcut>
            <keysym>Ctrl+Q</keysym>
           </shortcut>
           <guimenuitem>Quit</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
	 Ends the game.
         </para>
        </listitem>
       </itemizedlist></para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>


    <varlistentry>
     <term><guimenu>Ver</guimenu></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>Este menú contén: <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <shortcut>
            <keysym>F11</keysym>
           </shortcut>
           <guimenuitem>Fullscreen</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
           Shows the game window in fullscreen mode.
         </para>
        </listitem>
	<listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <guimenuitem>3D Chess View</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
           Enables 3D chess view mode using OpenGL. This requires Python OpenGL and Python GTKGLExt installed,
	   in addition to a 3D graphics card setup properly. Please contact your system administrator if you have problems,
	   either way you will always be able to play chess in 2D mode.
         </para>
        </listitem>
	 <listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <guimenuitem>Show Logs</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
	  Show logs for debugging GNOME Chess and the active chess AI engines.
         </para>
        </listitem>
     </itemizedlist></para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

   <varlistentry>
     <term><guimenu>Preferencias</guimenu></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>Este menú contén: <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
         <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
            This opens your window to edit <link linkend="prefs">
           preferences.</link>
         </para>
        </listitem>
       </itemizedlist></para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>

    <varlistentry>
     <term><guimenu>Axuda</guimenu></term>
     <listitem>
      <para>Este menú contén: <itemizedlist>
        <listitem>
          <para>
          <menuchoice>
           <shortcut>
            <keysym>F1</keysym>
           </shortcut>
           <guimenuitem>Contents</guimenuitem>
          </menuchoice>
           Display this manual.
         </para>
         <para>
          <guimenuitem>About</guimenuitem>  This opens the
          <interface>About</interface> dialog which shows
          basic information about
          <application>GNOME Chess</application>, such as
          the author's name, the version number of the game.
         </para>
        </listitem>
       </itemizedlist></para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>


</sect2>


</sect1>


<sect1 id="chess-rules">
 <title>Regras do xadrez</title>
 <sect2 id="rules-of-chess">
  <title>As regras do xadrez</title>
<!--
The reference for this chapter is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess
-->
  <para lang="en">
Chess is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks and denoted with numbers 1 to 8) and eight columns (called files and denoted with letters a to h) of squares. The colors of the sixty-four squares alternate between light and dark, and are referred to as "light squares" and "dark squares". The chessboard is placed so that each player has a white square in the near right hand corner, and the pieces are set out as shown in the diagram, with each queen on a square that matches its color.
</para><para lang="en">
Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces: each player's pieces comprise one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights and eight pawns. One player, referred to as White, controls the white pieces and the other player, Black, controls the black pieces; White is always the first player to move. The colors are chosen either by a friendly agreement, by a game of chance or by a tournament director. The players alternate moving one piece at a time (with the exception of castling, when two pieces are moved at the same time). Pieces are moved to either an unoccupied square, or one occupied by an opponent's piece, capturing it and removing it from play. With one exception (en passant), all pieces capture opponent's pieces by moving to the square that the opponent's piece occupies.
</para>
 <sect3 id="rules-piece-king">
  <title>Rei</title>
<para lang="en">When a king is under direct attack by one (or possibly two) of the opponent's pieces, the player is said to be in check. When in check, only moves that remove the king from attack are permitted. The player must not make any move that would place his king in check. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's king is in check, and there are no moves that remove the king from attack.

</para><para lang="en">
    The king can move only one square horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Once in the game, each king is allowed to make a special double move, to castle. Castling consists of moving the king two squares towards a rook, then moving the rook onto the square over which the king crossed. Castling is only permissible if all of the following conditions hold:
</para>
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
  <listitem>
   <para lang="en">The player must never have moved both the king and the rook involved in castling.</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
   <para>Non debe ter pezas entre o rey e a torre</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
   <para lang="en">The king may not currently be in check, nor may the king pass through squares that are under attack by enemy pieces. As with any move, castling is illegal if it would place the king in check.</para>
 </listitem>
  <listitem>
   <para lang="en">The king and the rook must be on the same rank (to exclude castling with a promoted pawn).</para>
  </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
 <sect3 id="rules-piece-rook">
  <title>Torre</title>
<para lang="en">
   The rook moves any number of vacant squares vertically or horizontally (it is also involved in the king's special move of castling).
</para>
</sect3>
 <sect3 id="rules-piece-bishop">
  <title>Alfíl</title>
<para lang="en">
    The bishop moves any number of vacant squares in any direction diagonally. Note that a bishop never changes square color, therefore players speak about "light-squared" or "dark-squared" bishops.
</para>
</sect3>
 <sect3 id="rules-piece-queen">
  <title>Raíña</title>
<para lang="en">
    The queen can move any number of vacant squares diagonally, horizontally, or vertically.
</para>
</sect3>
 <sect3 id="rules-piece-knight">
  <title>Cabalo</title>
<para lang="en">
    The knight can jump over occupied squares and moves two spaces horizontally and one space vertically or vice versa, making an "L" shape. A knight in the middle of the board has eight squares to which it can move. Note that every time a knight moves, it changes square color.

</para>
</sect3>
 <sect3 id="rules-piece-pawns">
  <title>Peóns</title>
<para lang="en">

    Pawns have the most complex rules of movement: A pawn can move forward one square, if that square is unoccupied. If it has not moved yet, the pawn has the option of moving two squares forward, if both squares in front of the pawn are unoccupied. A pawn cannot move backward. When such an initial two square advance is made that puts that pawn horizontally adjacent to an opponent's pawn, the opponent's pawn can capture that pawn "en passant" as if it moved forward only one square rather than two, but only on the immediately subsequent move. Pawns are the only pieces that capture differently than they move. They can capture an enemy piece on either of the two spaces adjacent to the space in front of them (i.e., the two squares diagonally in front of them), but cannot move to these spaces if they are vacant. If a pawn advances all the way to its eighth rank, it is then promoted (converted) to a queen, rook, bishop, or knight of the same color. In practice, the pawn is almost always promoted to a queen.
</para>
</sect3>

<sect3 id="rules-movement-others">
<title>Resto de regras de movemento</title>
<para lang="en">
With the exception of the knight, pieces cannot jump over each other. One's own pieces ("friendly pieces") cannot be passed if they are in the line of movement, and a friendly piece can never replace another friendly piece. Enemy pieces cannot be passed, but they can be "captured". When a piece is captured (or taken), the attacking piece replaces the enemy piece on its square (en passant being the only exception). The captured piece is thus removed from the game and may not be returned to play for the remainder of the game. The king cannot be captured, only put in check. If a player is unable to get the king out of check, checkmate results, with the loss of the game.

</para><para lang="en">
Chess games do not have to end in checkmate — either player may resign if the situation looks hopeless. Games also may end in a draw (tie). A draw can occur in several situations, including draw by agreement, stalemate, threefold repetition of a position, the fifty move rule, or a draw by impossibility of checkmate (usually because of insufficient material to checkmate).
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>


<sect2 id="timed-games">
<title>Partidas con control de tempo</title>
<para lang="en">
Games can be played with a time-limit by setting a move time when creating a new game. In timed games each
player has a certain amount of time available for deciding which moves to make, and the time remaining
for each player decreases only when it is their turn to move.
</para>
</sect2>

<sect2 id="draw">
<title>Táboas</title>
<para lang="en">
A game that ends without victory for either player. Most drawn games are draws by agreement based upon the rules. The other ways that a game can end in a draw are stalemate, three-fold repetition, the fifty-move rule, and insufficient material. A position is said to be a draw (or a drawn position) if either player can, through correct play, eventually force the game into a position where the game must end in a draw, regardless of the moves made by the other player.
</para>


<sect3 id="stalemate">
<title>Afogado</title>
<para lang="en">
A stalemate is a position in which the player whose turn it is to move has no legal move and his king is not in check. A stalemate results in an immediate draw.
</para>
</sect3>

<sect3 id="threefold-repetition">
<title lang="en">Threefold repetition</title>
<para lang="en">
The game is drawn if the same position occurs three times with the same player to move, and with each player having the same set of legal moves each time (the latter includes the right to take en passant and the right to castle).
</para>
</sect3>


<sect3 id="fifty-move-rule">
<title>A regra dos cincuenta movementos</title>
<para lang="en">
The fifty move rule states that the game is drawn after fifty moves from each side without a pawn move or capture.
</para>
</sect3>

<sect3 id="insuff-material">
<title>Pezas insuficientes</title>
<para lang="en">
An endgame scenario in which all pawns have been captured, and one side has only its king remaining while the other is down to just a king or a king plus one knight or one bishop. The position is a draw because it is impossible for the dominant side to deliver checkmate regardless of play. Situations where checkmate is possible only if the inferior side blunders are covered by the fifty-move rule.
</para>
</sect3>


</sect2>

</sect1>




<sect1 id="prefs">
 <title>Axustes do xogo</title>


<sect2 id="game-prefs">
  <title>Preferencias do xogo</title>
  <para lang="en">
  The <interface>Game</interface> tab of the <interface>Preferences</interface>
  dialog allows you to set up the settings of your choice for new games.
  In the <interface>Opposing player</interface> section, it is possible to
  setup the number of human and AI (computer) players. If you have installed any supported
  chess engines as AI players, these will be displayed in the list of available players.
  The difficulty setting of the AI players is set in the  <interface>Difficulty</interface>
  section. Finally, the time-limit for each player's move is set in the
  <interface>Game Duration</interface> section.
  </para>

 <figure id="preferences-game-shot">
  <title lang="en">Game preferences dialog for GNOME Chess</title>
  <screenshot>
    <mediaobject lang="en">
    <imageobject>
  <imagedata fileref="figures/preferences-game-3-12.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Andreas"/>
   </imageobject>
    <textobject>
      <phrase>Game preferences dialog for GNOME Chess.</phrase>
    </textobject>
  </mediaobject>
  </screenshot>
 </figure>


</sect2>



<sect2 id="view-prefs">
  <title lang="en">Appearance Preferences</title>
  <para lang="en">
  The <interface>Appearance</interface> tab of the <interface>Preferences</interface>
  dialog allows you to modify board orientation, move format, and the general look
  and feel of GNOME Chess.
  </para>

 <figure id="preferences-appearance-shot">
  <title lang="en">Appearance preferences dialog for GNOME Chess</title>
  <screenshot>
    <mediaobject lang="en">
    <imageobject>
  <imagedata fileref="figures/preferences-appearance-3-12.png" format="PNG" srccredit="Andreas"/>
   </imageobject>
    <textobject>
      <phrase>Appearance preferences dialog for GNOME Chess.</phrase>
    </textobject>
  </mediaobject>
  </screenshot>
 </figure>


</sect2>

</sect1>


<sect1 id="engines">
 <title>Motores de xadrez</title>

     <para lang="en">
	GNOME Chess should be able to use any Chess Engine Communication Protocol or Universal Chess Interface compatible chess engines, including these chess engines:

     </para>

<!-- Please keep AI list synchronized with gnome-chess/data/ai.xml -->
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
  <listitem>
	<para>GNUChess</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Sjeng</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Amy</para>
 </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Crafty</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Faile</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Phalanx</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Glaurung</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>HoiChess</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Diablo</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>BBChess</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Fruit</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Shredder</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Toga II</para>
  </listitem>
  <listitem>
	<para>Motor de Xadrez Boo</para>
  </listitem>


</itemizedlist>

</sect1>

<sect1 id="credits">
 <title>Autores</title>
  <para lang="en">
   <application>GNOME Chess</application> was written by Robert Ancell,
   and is now maintained in gnome-games. This documentation was originally written
   by Andreas Røsdal, with input from several GPL sources.
   To report a bug or make a suggestion regarding this application or
   this manual, follow the directions in this
   <ulink url="ghelp:user-guide?feedback-bugs" type="help">document</ulink>.
  </para>

  <!-- For translations: uncomment this:

  <para>
   Latin translation was done by ME
   (<email>MYNAME@MYADDRESS</email>). Please send all  comments  and
   suggestions regarding this translation to SOMEWHERE.
  </para>

  -->

 </sect1>


 <!-- ============= Application License ============================= -->

 <sect1 id="license">
  <title>Licenza</title>
  <para lang="en">
   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the <citetitle>GNU General Public
   License</citetitle> as published by the Free Software Foundation;
   either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
   version.
  </para>
  <para lang="en">
   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   <citetitle>GNU General Public License</citetitle> for more details.
  </para>
  <para lang="en">
   A copy of the <citetitle>GNU General Public License</citetitle> is
   included as an appendix to the <citetitle>GNOME Users
   Guide</citetitle>.  You may also obtain a copy of the
   <citetitle>GNU General Public License</citetitle> from the Free
   Software Foundation by visiting <ulink type="http" url="http://www.fsf.org">their Web site</ulink> or by writing to
   <address lang="en">
    Free Software Foundation, Inc.
    <street>51 Franklin Street</street> - Fifth Floor
    <city>Boston</city>, <state>MA</state> <postcode>02110-1335</postcode>
    <country>USA</country>
   </address>
  </para>
 </sect1>
</article>
