# With `Colorize` you can change the fore- and background colors and text decorations when rendering text
# on terminals supporting ANSI escape codes. It adds the `colorize` method to `Object` and thus all classes
# as its main interface, which calls `to_s` and surrounds it with the necessary escape codes
# when it comes to obtaining a string representation of the object.
#
# NOTE: To use `Colorize`, you must explicitly import it with `require "colorize"`
#
# Its first argument changes the foreground color:
#
# ```
# require "colorize"
#
# "foo".colorize(:green)
# 100.colorize(:red)
# [1, 2, 3].colorize(:blue)
# ```
#
# There are alternative ways to change the foreground color:
#
# ```
# require "colorize"
#
# "foo".colorize.fore(:green)
# "foo".colorize.green
# ```
#
# To change the background color, the following methods are available:
#
# ```
# require "colorize"
#
# "foo".colorize.back(:green)
# "foo".colorize.on(:green)
# "foo".colorize.on_green
# ```
#
# You can also pass an RGB color to `colorize`:
#
# ```
# require "colorize"
#
# "foo".colorize(0, 255, 255)      # => "foo" in aqua
# "foo".colorize.fore(0, 255, 255) # => "foo" in aqua
#
# # This is the same as:
#
# "foo".colorize(Colorize::ColorRGB.new(0, 255, 255))      # => "foo" in aqua
# "foo".colorize.fore(Colorize::ColorRGB.new(0, 255, 255)) # => "foo" in aqua
# ```
#
# Or an 8-bit color:
#
# ```
# require "colorize"
#
# "foo".colorize(Colorize::Color256.new(208))      # => "foo" in orange
# "foo".colorize.fore(Colorize::Color256.new(208)) # => "foo" in orange
# ```
#
# It's also possible to change the text decoration:
#
# ```
# require "colorize"
#
# "foo".colorize.mode(:underline)
# "foo".colorize.underline
# ```
#
# The `colorize` method returns a `Colorize::Object` instance,
# which allows chaining methods together:
#
# ```
# require "colorize"
#
# "foo".colorize.fore(:yellow).back(:blue).mode(:underline)
# ```
#
# With the `toggle` method you can temporarily disable adding the escape codes.
# Settings of the instance are preserved however and can be turned back on later:
#
# ```
# require "colorize"
#
# "foo".colorize(:red).toggle(false)              # => "foo" without color
# "foo".colorize(:red).toggle(false).toggle(true) # => "foo" in red
# ```
#
# The color `:default` leaves the object's representation as it is but the object is a `Colorize::Object` then
# which is handy in conditions such as:
#
# ```
# require "colorize"
#
# "foo".colorize(Random.next_bool ? :green : :default)
# ```
#
# Available colors are:
# ```
# :default
# :black
# :red
# :green
# :yellow
# :blue
# :magenta
# :cyan
# :light_gray
# :dark_gray
# :light_red
# :light_green
# :light_yellow
# :light_blue
# :light_magenta
# :light_cyan
# :white
# ```
#
# See `Colorize::Mode` for available text decorations.
module Colorize
  # Objects will only be colored if this is `true`, unless overridden by
  # `Colorize::Object#toggle`.
  #
  # ```
  # require "colorize"
  #
  # Colorize.enabled = true
  # "hello".colorize.red.to_s # => "\e[31mhello\e[0m"
  #
  # Colorize.enabled = false
  # "hello".colorize.red.to_s # => "hello"
  # ```
  #
  # NOTE: This is by default enabled if `.default_enabled?` is true for `STDOUT`
  # and `STDERR`.
  class_property? enabled : Bool { default_enabled?(STDOUT, STDERR) }

  # Resets `Colorize.enabled?` to its initial default value, i.e. whether
  # `.default_enabled?` is true for `STDOUT` and `STDERR`. Returns this new
  # value.
  #
  # This can be used to revert `Colorize.enabled?` to its initial state after
  # colorization is explicitly enabled or disabled.
  def self.on_tty_only! : Bool
    @@enabled = nil
    enabled?
  end

  # Returns whether colorization should be enabled by default on the given
  # standard output and error streams.
  #
  # This is true if both streams are terminals (i.e. `IO#tty?` returns true),
  # the `TERM` environment variable is not equal to `dumb`, and the
  # [`NO_COLOR` environment variable](https://no-color.org) is not set to a
  # non-empty string.
  def self.default_enabled?(stdout : IO, stderr : IO = stdout) : Bool
    stdout.tty? && (stderr == stdout || stderr.tty?) &&
      ENV["TERM"]? != "dumb" && !ENV["NO_COLOR"]?.try(&.empty?.!)
  end

  # Resets the color and text decoration of the *io*.
  #
  # ```
  # io = IO::Memory.new
  # Colorize.with.green.surround(io) do
  #   io << "green"
  #   Colorize.reset(io)
  #   io << " default"
  # end
  # ```
  def self.reset(io = STDOUT)
    io << "\e[0m" if enabled?
  end

  # Helper method to use colorize with `IO`.
  #
  # ```
  # io = IO::Memory.new
  # io << "not-green"
  # Colorize.with.green.bold.surround(io) do
  #   io << "green and bold if Colorize.enabled"
  # end
  # ```
  def self.with : Colorize::Object(String)
    "".colorize
  end
end

module Colorize::ObjectExtensions
  # Turns `self` into a `Colorize::Object`.
  def colorize : Colorize::Object
    Colorize::Object.new(self)
  end

  # Wraps `self` in a `Colorize::Object` and colors it with the given `Color256`
  # made up from the single *fore* byte.
  def colorize(fore : UInt8)
    Colorize::Object.new(self).fore(fore)
  end

  # Wraps `self` in a `Colorize::Object` and colors it with the given `ColorRGB` made
  # up from the given *r*ed, *g*reen and *b*lue values.
  def colorize(r : UInt8, g : UInt8, b : UInt8)
    Colorize::Object.new(self).fore(r, g, b)
  end

  # Wraps `self` in a `Colorize::Object` and colors it with the given *fore* `Color`.
  def colorize(fore : Color)
    Colorize::Object.new(self).fore(fore)
  end

  # Wraps `self` in a `Colorize::Object` and colors it with the given *fore* color.
  def colorize(fore : Symbol)
    Colorize::Object.new(self).fore(fore)
  end
end

class Object
  include Colorize::ObjectExtensions
end

module Colorize
  alias Color = ColorANSI | Color256 | ColorRGB

  # One color of a fixed set of colors.
  enum ColorANSI
    Default      = 39
    Black        = 30
    Red          = 31
    Green        = 32
    Yellow       = 33
    Blue         = 34
    Magenta      = 35
    Cyan         = 36
    LightGray    = 37
    DarkGray     = 90
    LightRed     = 91
    LightGreen   = 92
    LightYellow  = 93
    LightBlue    = 94
    LightMagenta = 95
    LightCyan    = 96
    White        = 97

    def fore(io : IO) : Nil
      to_i.to_s io
    end

    def back(io : IO) : Nil
      (to_i + 10).to_s io
    end
  end

  # An 8-bit color.
  record Color256,
    value : UInt8 do
    def fore(io : IO) : Nil
      io << "38;5;"
      value.to_s io
    end

    def back(io : IO) : Nil
      io << "48;5;"
      value.to_s io
    end
  end

  # An RGB color.
  record ColorRGB,
    red : UInt8,
    green : UInt8,
    blue : UInt8 do
    def fore(io : IO) : Nil
      io << "38;2;"
      io << red << ";"
      io << green << ";"
      io << blue
    end

    def back(io : IO) : Nil
      io << "48;2;"
      io << red << ";"
      io << green << ";"
      io << blue
    end
  end

  # A text decoration.
  #
  # Note that not all text decorations are supported in all terminals.
  # When a text decoration is not supported, it will leave the text unaffected.
  @[Flags]
  enum Mode
    # Makes the text bold.
    #
    # Same as `Bright`.
    Bold = 1
    # Makes the text color bright.
    #
    # Same as `Bold`.
    Bright = 1
    # Dims the text color.
    Dim
    # Draws a line below the text.
    Underline
    # Makes the text blink slowly.
    Blink
    # Swaps the foreground and background colors of the text.
    Reverse
    # Makes the text invisible.
    Hidden
    # Italicizes the text.
    Italic
    # Makes the text blink quickly.
    BlinkFast
    # Crosses out the text.
    Strikethrough
    # Draws two lines below the text.
    DoubleUnderline
    # Draws a line above the text.
    Overline
  end
end

private def each_code(mode : Colorize::Mode, &)
  yield "1" if mode.bold?
  yield "2" if mode.dim?
  yield "3" if mode.italic?
  yield "4" if mode.underline?
  yield "5" if mode.blink?
  yield "6" if mode.blink_fast?
  yield "7" if mode.reverse?
  yield "8" if mode.hidden?
  yield "9" if mode.strikethrough?
  yield "21" if mode.double_underline?
  yield "53" if mode.overline?
end

private def each_reset_code(mode : Colorize::Mode, &)
  yield "22" if mode.bold?
  yield "22" if mode.dim?
  yield "23" if mode.italic?
  yield "24" if mode.underline?
  yield "25" if mode.blink? || mode.blink_fast?
  yield "27" if mode.reverse?
  yield "28" if mode.hidden?
  yield "29" if mode.strikethrough?
  yield "24" if mode.double_underline?
  yield "55" if mode.overline?
end

# A colorized object. Colors and text decorations can be modified.
struct Colorize::Object(T)
  private COLORS = %w(default black red green yellow blue magenta cyan light_gray dark_gray light_red light_green light_yellow light_blue light_magenta light_cyan white)

  @fore : Color
  @back : Color

  def initialize(@object : T)
    @fore = ColorANSI::Default
    @back = ColorANSI::Default
    @mode = Mode::None
    @enabled = Colorize.enabled?
  end

  {% for name in COLORS %}
    def {{name.id}}
      @fore = ColorANSI::{{name.camelcase.id}}
      self
    end

    def on_{{name.id}}
      @back = ColorANSI::{{name.camelcase.id}}
      self
    end
  {% end %}

  {% for mode in Mode.constants.reject { |constant| constant == "All" || constant == "None" } %}
    # Apply text decoration `Mode::{{ mode }}`.
    def {{mode.underscore.id}}
      mode Mode::{{mode.id}}
    end
  {% end %}

  def fore(color : Symbol) : self
    {% for name in COLORS %}
      if color == :{{name.id}}
        @fore = ColorANSI::{{name.camelcase.id}}
        return self
      end
    {% end %}

    raise ArgumentError.new "Unknown color: #{color}"
  end

  def fore(@fore : Color) : self
    self
  end

  def fore(fore : UInt8)
    @fore = Color256.new(fore)
    self
  end

  def fore(r : UInt8, g : UInt8, b : UInt8)
    @fore = ColorRGB.new(r, g, b)
    self
  end

  def back(color : Symbol) : self
    {% for name in COLORS %}
      if color == :{{name.id}}
        @back = ColorANSI::{{name.camelcase.id}}
        return self
      end
    {% end %}

    raise ArgumentError.new "Unknown color: #{color}"
  end

  def back(@back : Color) : self
    self
  end

  def back(back : UInt8)
    @back = Color256.new(back)
    self
  end

  def back(r : UInt8, g : UInt8, b : UInt8)
    @back = ColorRGB.new(r, g, b)
    self
  end

  # Adds *mode* to the text's decorations.
  def mode(mode : Mode) : self
    @mode |= mode
    self
  end

  def on(color : Symbol)
    back color
  end

  # Enables or disables colors and text decoration on this object.
  def toggle(flag)
    @enabled = !!flag
    self
  end

  # Appends this object colored and with text decoration to *io*.
  def to_s(io : IO) : Nil
    surround(io) do
      io << @object
    end
  end

  # Inspects this object and makes the ANSI escape codes visible.
  def inspect(io : IO) : Nil
    surround(io) do
      @object.inspect(io)
    end
  end

  # Surrounds *io* by the ANSI escape codes and lets you build colored strings:
  #
  # ```
  # require "colorize"
  #
  # io = IO::Memory.new
  #
  # Colorize.with.red.surround(io) do
  #   io << "colorful"
  #   Colorize.with.green.bold.surround(io) do
  #     io << " hello "
  #   end
  #   Colorize.with.blue.surround(io) do
  #     io << "world"
  #   end
  #   io << " string"
  # end
  #
  # io.to_s # returns a colorful string where "colorful" is red, "hello" green, "world" blue and " string" red again
  # ```
  def surround(io = STDOUT, &)
    return yield io unless @enabled

    Object.surround(io, to_named_tuple) do |io|
      yield io
    end
  end

  # Prints the ANSI escape codes for an object. Note that this has no effect on a `Colorize::Object` with content,
  # only the escape codes.
  #
  # ```
  # require "colorize"
  #
  # Colorize.with.red.ansi_escape        # => "\e[31m"
  # "hello world".green.bold.ansi_escape # => "\e[32;1m"
  # ```
  def ansi_escape : String
    String.build do |io|
      ansi_escape io
    end
  end

  # Same as `ansi_escape` but writes to a given *io*.
  def ansi_escape(io : IO) : Nil
    self.class.ansi_escape(io, to_named_tuple)
  end

  private def to_named_tuple
    {
      fore: @fore,
      back: @back,
      mode: @mode,
    }
  end

  @@last_color = {
    fore: ColorANSI::Default.as(Color),
    back: ColorANSI::Default.as(Color),
    mode: Mode::None,
  }

  protected def self.ansi_escape(io : IO, color : {fore: Color, back: Color, mode: Mode}) : Nil
    last_color = @@last_color
    append_start(io, color)
    @@last_color = last_color
  end

  protected def self.surround(io, color, &)
    last_color = @@last_color
    must_append_end = append_start(io, color)
    @@last_color = color

    begin
      yield io
    ensure
      append_start(io, last_color) if must_append_end
      @@last_color = last_color
    end
  end

  private def self.append_start(io, color)
    last_color_is_default =
      @@last_color[:fore] == ColorANSI::Default &&
        @@last_color[:back] == ColorANSI::Default &&
        @@last_color[:mode].none?

    fore = color[:fore]
    back = color[:back]
    mode = color[:mode]

    fore_is_default = fore == ColorANSI::Default
    back_is_default = back == ColorANSI::Default

    if fore_is_default && back_is_default && mode.none? && last_color_is_default || @@last_color == color
      false
    else
      io << "\e["

      printed = false

      unless last_color_is_default
        unless @@last_color[:fore] == ColorANSI::Default
          io << 39
          printed = true
        end

        unless @@last_color[:back] == ColorANSI::Default
          io << ';' if printed
          io << 49
          printed = true
        end

        unless @@last_color[:mode].none?
          each_reset_code(@@last_color[:mode]) do |code|
            io << ';' if printed
            io << code
            printed = true
          end
        end
      end

      unless fore_is_default
        io << ';' if printed
        fore.fore io
        printed = true
      end

      unless back_is_default
        io << ';' if printed
        back.back io
        printed = true
      end

      each_code(mode) do |code|
        io << ';' if printed
        io << code
        printed = true
      end

      io << 'm'

      true
    end
  end
end
