- Qt 6.11
- Qt Core
- C++ Classes
- QTimeLine
- Qt 6.11.1 Reference Documentation

# QTimeLine Class

The QTimeLine class provides a timeline for controlling animations. More...

Header: | `#include <QTimeLine>`
CMake: | `find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Core)` `target_link_libraries(mytarget PRIVATE Qt6::Core)`
qmake: | `QT += core`
Inherits: | QObject

- List of all members, including inherited members
- QTimeLine is part of Animation Framework.

## Public Types

enum | Direction { Forward, Backward }
enum | State { NotRunning, Paused, Running }

## Properties

currentTime : int direction : Direction duration : int | easingCurve : QEasingCurve loopCount : int updateInterval : int

## Public Functions

| QTimeLine(int duration = 1000, QObject *parent = nullptr)
virtual | ~QTimeLine()
QBindable<int> | bindableCurrentTime()
QBindable<QTimeLine::Direction> | bindableDirection()
QBindable<int> | bindableDuration()
QBindable<QEasingCurve> | bindableEasingCurve()
QBindable<int> | bindableLoopCount()
QBindable<int> | bindableUpdateInterval()
int | currentFrame() const
int | currentTime() const
qreal | currentValue() const
QTimeLine::Direction | direction() const
int | duration() const
QEasingCurve | easingCurve() const
int | endFrame() const
int | frameForTime(int msec) const
int | loopCount() const
void | setDirection(QTimeLine::Direction direction)
void | setDuration(int duration)
void | setEasingCurve(const QEasingCurve &curve)
void | setEndFrame(int frame)
void | setFrameRange(int startFrame, int endFrame)
void | setLoopCount(int count)
void | setStartFrame(int frame)
void | setUpdateInterval(int interval)
int | startFrame() const
QTimeLine::State | state() const
int | updateInterval() const
virtual qreal | valueForTime(int msec) const

## Public Slots

void | resume()
void | setCurrentTime(int msec)
void | setPaused(bool paused)
void | start()
void | stop()
void | toggleDirection()

## Signals

void | finished()
void | frameChanged(int frame)
void | stateChanged(QTimeLine::State newState)
void | valueChanged(qreal value)

## Reimplemented Protected Functions

virtual void | timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event) override

## Detailed Description

It's most commonly used to animate a GUI control by calling a slot periodically. You can construct a timeline by passing its duration in milliseconds to QTimeLine's constructor. The timeline's duration describes for how long the animation will run. Then you set a suitable frame range by calling setFrameRange(). Finally connect the frameChanged() signal to a suitable slot in the widget you wish to animate (for example, setValue() in QProgressBar). When you proceed to calling start(), QTimeLine will enter Running state, and start emitting frameChanged() at regular intervals, causing your widget's connected property's value to grow from the lower end to the upper and of your frame range, at a steady rate. You can specify the update interval by calling setUpdateInterval(). When done, QTimeLine enters NotRunning state, and emits finished().

Example:

     //...
     auto progressBar = new QProgressBar(this);
     progressBar->setRange(0, 100);

     // Construct a 1-second timeline with a frame range of 0 - 100
     QTimeLine *timeLine = new QTimeLine(1000, this);
     timeLine->setFrameRange(0, 100);
     connect(timeLine, &QTimeLine::frameChanged, progressBar, &QProgressBar::setValue);

     // Clicking the push button will start the progress bar animation
     auto pushButton = new QPushButton(tr("Start animation"), this);
     connect(pushButton, &QPushButton::clicked, timeLine, &QTimeLine::start);
     //...

By default the timeline runs once, from its beginning to its end, upon which you must call start() again to restart from the beginning. To make the timeline loop, you can call setLoopCount(), passing the number of times the timeline should run before finishing. The direction can also be changed, causing the timeline to run backward, by calling setDirection(). You can also pause and unpause the timeline while it's running by calling setPaused(). For interactive control, the setCurrentTime() function is provided, which sets the time position of the time line directly. Although most useful in NotRunning state (e.g., connected to a valueChanged() signal in a QSlider), this function can be called at any time.

The frame interface is useful for standard widgets, but QTimeLine can be used to control any type of animation. The heart of QTimeLine lies in the valueForTime() function, which generates a value between 0 and 1 for a given time. This value is typically used to describe the steps of an animation, where 0 is the first step of an animation, and 1 is the last step. When running, QTimeLine generates values between 0 and 1 by calling valueForTime() and emitting valueChanged(). By default, valueForTime() applies an interpolation algorithm to generate these value. You can choose from a set of predefined timeline algorithms by calling setEasingCurve().

Note that, by default, QTimeLine uses QEasingCurve::InOutSine, which provides a value that grows slowly, then grows steadily, and finally grows slowly. For a custom timeline, you can reimplement valueForTime(), in which case QTimeLine's easingCurve property is ignored.

See also QProgressBar and QProgressDialog.

## Member Type Documentation

### enum QTimeLine::Direction

This enum describes the direction of the timeline when in Running state.

Constant | Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`QTimeLine::Forward` | `0` | The current time of the timeline increases with time (i.e., moves from 0 and towards the end / duration).
`QTimeLine::Backward` | `1` | The current time of the timeline decreases with time (i.e., moves from the end / duration and towards 0).

See also setDirection().

### enum QTimeLine::State

This enum describes the state of the timeline.

Constant | Value | Description
--- | --- | ---
`QTimeLine::NotRunning` | `0` | The timeline is not running. This is the initial state of QTimeLine, and the state QTimeLine reenters when finished. The current time, frame and value remain unchanged until either setCurrentTime() is called, or the timeline is started by calling start().
`QTimeLine::Paused` | `1` | The timeline is paused (i.e., temporarily suspended). Calling setPaused(false) will resume timeline activity.
`QTimeLine::Running` | `2` | The timeline is running. While control is in the event loop, QTimeLine will update its current time at regular intervals, emitting valueChanged() and frameChanged() when appropriate.

See also state() and stateChanged().

## Property Documentation

### `[bindable]` currentTime : int

Note: This property supports QProperty bindings.

This property holds the current time of the time line.

When QTimeLine is in Running state, this value is updated continuously as a function of the duration and direction of the timeline. Otherwise, it is value that was current when stop() was called last, or the value set by setCurrentTime().

Note: You can bind other properties to currentTime, but it is not recommended setting bindings to it. As animation progresses, the currentTime is updated automatically, which cancels its bindings.

By default, this property contains a value of 0.

Access functions:

int | currentTime() const
void | setCurrentTime(int msec)

### `[bindable]` direction : Direction

Note: This property supports QProperty bindings.

This property holds the direction of the timeline when QTimeLine is in Running state.

This direction indicates whether the time moves from 0 towards the timeline duration, or from the value of the duration and towards 0 after start() has been called.

Any binding of direction will be removed not only by setDirection(), but also by toggleDirection().

By default, this property is set to Forward.

Access functions:

QTimeLine::Direction | direction() const
void | setDirection(QTimeLine::Direction direction)

### `[bindable]` duration : int

Note: This property supports QProperty bindings.

This property holds the total duration of the timeline in milliseconds.

By default, this value is 1000 (i.e., 1 second), but you can change this by either passing a duration to QTimeLine's constructor, or by calling setDuration(). The duration must be larger than 0.

Note: Changing the duration does not cause the current time to be reset to zero or the new duration. You also need to call setCurrentTime() with the desired value.

Access functions:

int | duration() const
void | setDuration(int duration)

### `[bindable]` easingCurve : QEasingCurve

Note: This property supports QProperty bindings.

Specifies the easing curve that the timeline will use. If valueForTime() is reimplemented, this value is ignored.

Access functions:

QEasingCurve | easingCurve() const
void | setEasingCurve(const QEasingCurve &curve)

See also valueForTime().

### `[bindable]` loopCount : int

Note: This property supports QProperty bindings.

This property holds the number of times the timeline should loop before it's finished.

A loop count of 0 means that the timeline will loop forever.

By default, this property contains a value of 1.

Access functions:

int | loopCount() const
void | setLoopCount(int count)

### `[bindable]` updateInterval : int

Note: This property supports QProperty bindings.

This property holds the time in milliseconds between each time QTimeLine updates its current time.

When updating the current time, QTimeLine will emit valueChanged() if the current value changed, and frameChanged() if the frame changed.

By default, the interval is 40 ms, which corresponds to a rate of 25 updates per second.

Access functions:

int | updateInterval() const
void | setUpdateInterval(int interval)

## Member Function Documentation

### `[explicit]` QTimeLine::QTimeLine(int duration = 1000, QObject *parent = nullptr)

Constructs a timeline with a duration of duration milliseconds. parent is passed to QObject's constructor. The default duration is 1000 milliseconds.

### `[virtual noexcept]` QTimeLine::~QTimeLine()

Destroys the timeline.

### int QTimeLine::currentFrame() const

Returns the frame corresponding to the current time.

See also currentTime(), frameForTime(), and setFrameRange().

### qreal QTimeLine::currentValue() const

Returns the value corresponding to the current time.

See also valueForTime() and currentFrame().

### int QTimeLine::endFrame() const

Returns the end frame, which is the frame corresponding to the end of the timeline (i.e., the frame for which the current value is 1).

See also setEndFrame() and setFrameRange().

### `[private signal]` void QTimeLine::finished()

This signal is emitted when QTimeLine finishes (i.e., reaches the end of its time line), and does not loop.

Note: This is a private signal. It can be used in signal connections but cannot be emitted by the user.

### `[private signal]` void QTimeLine::frameChanged(int frame)

QTimeLine emits this signal at regular intervals when in Running state, but only if the current frame changes. frame is the current frame number.

Note: This is a private signal. It can be used in signal connections but cannot be emitted by the user.

See also QTimeLine::setFrameRange() and QTimeLine::updateInterval.

### int QTimeLine::frameForTime(int msec) const

Returns the frame corresponding to the time msec. This value is calculated using a linear interpolation of the start and end frame, based on the value returned by valueForTime().

See also valueForTime() and setFrameRange().

### `[slot]` void QTimeLine::resume()

Resumes the timeline from the current time. QTimeLine will reenter Running state, and once it enters the event loop, it will update its current time, frame and value at regular intervals.

In contrast to start(), this function does not restart the timeline before it resumes.

See also start(), updateInterval(), frameChanged(), and valueChanged().

### void QTimeLine::setEndFrame(int frame)

Sets the end frame, which is the frame corresponding to the end of the timeline (i.e., the frame for which the current value is 1), to frame.

See also endFrame(), startFrame(), and setFrameRange().

### void QTimeLine::setFrameRange(int startFrame, int endFrame)

Sets the timeline's frame counter to start at startFrame, and end and endFrame. For each time value, QTimeLine will find the corresponding frame when you call currentFrame() or frameForTime() by interpolating, using the return value of valueForTime().

When in Running state, QTimeLine also emits the frameChanged() signal when the frame changes.

See also startFrame(), endFrame(), start(), and currentFrame().

### `[slot]` void QTimeLine::setPaused(bool paused)

If paused is true, the timeline is paused, causing QTimeLine to enter Paused state. No updates will be signaled until either start() or setPaused(false) is called. If paused is false, the timeline is resumed and continues where it left.

See also state() and start().

### void QTimeLine::setStartFrame(int frame)

Sets the start frame, which is the frame corresponding to the start of the timeline (i.e., the frame for which the current value is 0), to frame.

See also startFrame(), endFrame(), and setFrameRange().

### `[slot]` void QTimeLine::start()

Starts the timeline. QTimeLine will enter Running state, and once it enters the event loop, it will update its current time, frame and value at regular intervals. The default interval is 40 ms (i.e., 25 times per second). You can change the update interval by calling setUpdateInterval().

The timeline will start from position 0, or the end if going backward. If you want to resume a stopped timeline without restarting, you can call resume() instead.

See also resume(), updateInterval(), frameChanged(), and valueChanged().

### int QTimeLine::startFrame() const

Returns the start frame, which is the frame corresponding to the start of the timeline (i.e., the frame for which the current value is 0).

See also setStartFrame() and setFrameRange().

### QTimeLine::State QTimeLine::state() const

Returns the state of the timeline.

See also start(), setPaused(), and stop().

### `[private signal]` void QTimeLine::stateChanged(QTimeLine::State newState)

This signal is emitted whenever QTimeLine's state changes. The new state is newState.

Note: This is a private signal. It can be used in signal connections but cannot be emitted by the user.

### `[slot]` void QTimeLine::stop()

Stops the timeline, causing QTimeLine to enter NotRunning state.

See also start().

### `[override virtual protected]` void QTimeLine::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)

Reimplements: QObject::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event).

### `[slot]` void QTimeLine::toggleDirection()

Toggles the direction of the timeline. If the direction was Forward, it becomes Backward, and vice verca.

Existing bindings of direction are removed.

See also setDirection().

### `[private signal]` void QTimeLine::valueChanged(qreal value)

QTimeLine emits this signal at regular intervals when in Running state, but only if the current value changes. value is the current value. value is a number between 0.0 and 1.0

Note: This is a private signal. It can be used in signal connections but cannot be emitted by the user.

See also QTimeLine::setDuration(), QTimeLine::valueForTime(), and QTimeLine::updateInterval.

### `[virtual]` qreal QTimeLine::valueForTime(int msec) const

Returns the timeline value for the time msec. The returned value, which varies depending on the curve shape, is always between 0 and 1. If msec is 0, the default implementation always returns 0.

Reimplement this function to provide a custom curve shape for your timeline.

See also easingCurve and frameForTime().